<?php
$root_category = Mage::getModel(‘catalog/category’)->load(3); // Put your root category ID here.
$subcategories = $root_category->getChildren();
foreach(explode(‘,’,$subcategories) as $subcategory) {
$category = Mage::getModel(‘catalog/category’)->load($subcategory);
echo ‘<a href=”‘.$category->getURL() .'” />’.$category->getName().'</a><br/>’;
}
?>
1 Go To CatalogèManage Categories=> Add Sub Categories====note the categories ID
2 Go to CMS èPage => add New Page=====note the the url key
3 Got To CatalogèURL Rewrite Management=> find Category Id and open store ==note the Request Path and delete this category
4Go toè add url Rewrite => select custom=>ID path– categories ID(1 step path)
Request Path=> Request Path(3 step path)
Target Path =>url Key(2 step path)
The normalization process involves getting our data to conform to three progressive normal forms, and a higher level of normalization cannot be achieved until the previous levels have been achieved (there are actually five normal forms, but the last two are mainly academic and will not be discussed).First Normal FormThe First Normal Form (or 1NF) involves removal of redundant data from horizontal rows. We want to ensure that there is no duplication of data in a given row, and that every column stores the least amount of information possible (making the field atomic).Second Normal FormWhere the First Normal Form deals with redundancy of data across a horizontal row, Second Normal Form (or 2NF) deals with redundancy of data in vertical columns. As stated earlier, the normal forms are progressive, so to achieve Second Normal Form, your tables must already be in First Normal Form.Third Normal Form
I have a confession to make; I do not often use Third Normal Form. In Third Normal Form we are looking for data in our tables that is not fully dependant on the primary key, but dependant on another value in the table.
Use this for mysql
>SELECT COUNT(*) FROM table_name;
$result = mysql_query($sql, $db_link);
$num_rows = mysql_num_rows($result);
echo “$num_rows rows found”;
SELECT CURDATE();
CURRENT_DATE() = CURDATE()
for time use
SELECT CURTIME();
CURRENT_TIME() = CURTIME()
External Style SheetsAdvantagesCan control styles for multiple documents at once. Classes can be created for use on multiple HTML element types in many documents.Selector and grouping methods can be used to apply styles under complex
contextsDisadvantagesAn extra download is required to import style information for each document The rendering of the document may be delayed until the external style sheet is loaded Becomes slightly unwieldy for small quantities of
style definitionsEmbedded Style Sheets
Advantages
Classes can be created for use on multiple tag types in the document. Selector and grouping methods can be used to apply styles under complex contexts. No additional downloads necessary to receive style information
Disadvantages
This method can not control styles for multiple documents at once
Inline Styles
Advantages
Useful for small quantities of style definitions. Can override other style specification methods at the local level so only exceptions need to be listed in conjunction with other style methods
Disadvantages
Does not distance style information from content (a main goal of SGML/HTML). Can not control styles for multiple documents at once. Author can not create or control classes of elements to control multiple element types within the document. Selector grouping methods can not be used to create complex element addressing scenarios.
In PHP an extended class is always dependent on a single base class, that is, multiple inheritance is not supported. Classes are extended using the keyword ‘extends’.
Primary Key: A column in a table whose values uniquely identify the rows in the table. A primary key value cannot be NULL.
Unique Key: Unique Keys are used to uniquely identify each row in the table. There can be one and only one row for each unique key value. So NULL can be a unique key.There can be only one primary key for a table but there can be more than one unique for a table.
Garbage Collection is an automated part of PHP , If the Garbage Collection process runs, it then analyzes any files in the /tmp for any session files that have not been accessed in a certain amount of time and physically deletes them. Garbage Collection process only runs in the default session save directory, which is /tmp. If you opt to save your sessions in a different directory, the Garbage Collection process will ignore it. the Garbage Collection process does not differentiate between which sessions belong to whom when run. This is especially important note on shared web servers. If the process is run, it deletes ALL files that have not been accessed in the directory. There are 3 PHP.ini variables, which deal with the garbage collector: PHP ini value name default session.gc_maxlifetime 1440 seconds or 24 minutes session.gc_probability 1 session.gc_divisor 100
Both of them are open source software (so free of cost), support cross platform. php is faster then ASP and JSP.
ORDER BY [col1],[col2],¦,[coln]; Tels DBMS according to what columns it should sort the result. If two rows will hawe the same value in col1 it will try to sort them according to col2 and so on.GROUP BY [col1],[col2],¦,[coln]; Tels DBMS to group results with same value of column col1. You can use COUNT(col1), SUM(col1), AVG(col1) with it, if
you want to count all items in group, sum all values or view average
Set char to occupy n bytes and it will take n bytes even if u r storing a value of n-m bytes Set varchar to occupy n bytes and it will take only the required space and will not use the n bytes eg. name char(15) will waste 10 bytes if we store ‘romharshan’, if each char takes a byte eg. name varchar(15) will just use 5 bytes if we store ‘romharshan’, if each char takes a byte. rest 10 bytes will be free.
Calculate the md5 hash of a string. The hash is a 32-character hexadecimal number. I use it to generate keys which I use to identify users etc. If I add random no techniques to it the md5 generated now will be totally different for the same string I am using.
you can use LOAD DATA INFILE file_name; syntax to load data from a text file. but you have to make sure thata) data is delimited b) columns and data matched correctly
SELECT DATEDIFF(“2007-03-07″,”2005-01-01”);
$date1 = date(“Y-m-d”);
$date2 = “2006-08-15”;
$days = (strtotime($date1) – strtotime($date2)) / (60 * 60 * 24);
by using spl_autoload_register(‘autoloader::funtion’);
Like below
class autoloader
{
public static function moduleautoloader($class)
{
$path = $_SERVER[‘DOCUMENT_ROOT’] . “/modules/{$class}.php”;
if (is_readable($path)) require $path;
}
public static function daoautoloader($class)
{
$path = $_SERVER[‘DOCUMENT_ROOT’] . “/dataobjects/{$class}.php”;
if (is_readable($path)) require $path;
}
public static function includesautoloader($class)
{
$path = $_SERVER[‘DOCUMENT_ROOT’] . “/includes/{$class}.php”;
if (is_readable($path)) require $path;
}
}
spl_autoload_register(‘autoloader::includesautoloader’);
spl_autoload_register(‘autoloader::daoautoloader’);
spl_autoload_register(‘autoloader::moduleautoloader’);
As far PHP concern it only support single Inheritance in scripting. we can also use interface to achieve multiple inheritance.
Using Disposition-Notification-To: in mailheader we can get read receipt.
Add the possibility to define a read receipt when sending an email.
It quite straightforward, just edit email.php, and add this at vars definitions:
var $readReceipt = null;
And then, at createHeader function add:
if (!empty($this->readReceipt)) {
$this->__header .= ‘Disposition-Notification-To: ‘ . $this->__formatAddress($this->readReceipt) . $this->_newLine;
}
default session time in PHP is 1440 seconds or 24 minutes Default session save path id temporary folder /tmp
By checking the session variable exist or not while loading th page. As the session will exist longer as till browser closes. The default behaviour for sessions is to keep a session open indefinitely and only to expire a session when the browser is closed. This behaviour can be changed in the php.ini file by altering the line session.cookie_lifetime = 0 to a value in seconds. If you wanted the session to finish in 5 minutes you would set this to session.cookie_lifetime = 300 and restart your httpd server.
whenever a user logs in track the IP, userID etc..and store it in a DB with a active flag while log out or sesion expire make it inactive. At any time by counting the no: of active records we can get the no: of visitors.
The PDF functions in PHP can create PDF files using the PDFlib library With version 6, PDFlib offers an object-oriented API for PHP 5 in addition to the function-oriented API for PHP 4. There is also the » Panda module. FPDF is a PHP class which allows to generate PDF files with pure PHP, that is to say without using the PDFlib library. F from FPDF stands for Free: you may use it for any kind of usage and modify it to suit your needs. FPDF requires no extension (except zlib to activate compression and GD for GIF support) and works with PHP4 and PHP5.
we will need to compile PHP with the GD library of image functions for this to work. GD and PHP may also require other libraries, depending on which image formats you want to work with.
A design pattern is a general reusable solution to a commonly occurring problem in software design.
The Singleton design pattern allows many parts of a program to share a single resource without having to work out the details of the sharing themselves.
Magic methods are the members functions that is available to all the instance of class Magic methods always starts with “__”. Eg. __construct All magic methods needs to be declared as public To use magic method they should be defined within the class or program scope Various Magic Methods used in PHP 5 are: __construct() __destruct() __set() __get() __call() __toString() __sleep() __wakeup() __isset() __unset() __autoload() __clone()
Magic Quotes is a process that automagically escapes ncoming data to the PHP script. It’s preferred to code with magic quotes off and to instead escape the data at runtime, as needed. This feature has been DEPRECATED as of PHP 5.3.0 and REMOVED as of PHP 6.0.0. Relying on this feature is highly discouraged.
Cross-site scripting (XSS) is a type of computer security vulnerability typically found in web applications which allow code injection by malicious web users into the web pages viewed by other users. Examples of such code include HTML code and client-side scripts. SQL injection is a code injection technique that exploits a security vulnerability occurring in the database layer of an application. The vulnerability is present when user input is either incorrectly filtered for string literal escape characters embedded in SQL statements or user input is not strongly typed and thereby unexpectedly executed
Using URL rewriting we can convert dynamic URl to static URL Static URLs are known to be better than Dynamic URLs because of a number of reasons 1. Static URLs typically Rank better in Search Engines. 2. Search Engines are known to index the content of dynamic pages a lot slower compared to static pages. 3. Static URLs are always more friendlier looking to the End Users. along with this we can use URL rewriting in adding variables [cookies] to the URL to handle the sessions.
1. Never include, require, or otherwise open a file with a filename based on user input, without thoroughly checking it first.
2. Be careful with eval() Placing user-inputted values into the eval() function can be extremely dangerous. You essentially give the malicious user the ability to execute any command he or she wishes!
3. Be careful when using register_globals = ON It was originally designed to make programming in PHP easier (and that it did), but misuse of it often led to security holes
4. Never run unescaped queries
5. For protected areas, use sessions or validate the login every time.
6. If you don’t want the file contents to be seen, give the file a .php extension.
The SQL Server Driver for PHP v1.0 is designed to enable reliable, scalable integration with SQL Server for PHP applications deployed on the Windows platform. The Driver for PHP is a PHP 5 extension that allows the reading and writing of SQL Server data from within PHP scripts. using MSSQL or ODBC modules we can access Microsoft SQL server.
Model-view-controller (MVC) is an architectural pattern used in software engineering. Successful use of the pattern isolates business logic from user interface considerations, resulting in an application where it is easier to modify either the visual appearance of the application or the underlying business rules without affecting the other. In MVC, the model represents the information (the data) of the application; the view corresponds to elements of the user interface such as text, checkbox items, and so forth; and the controller manages the communication of data and the business rules used to manipulate the data to and from the model. WHY ITS NEEDED IS 1 Modular separation of function 2 Easier to maintain 3 View-Controller separation means:
A Tweaking design (HTML) without altering code B — Web design staff can modify UI without understanding code
In general, a framework is a real or conceptual structure intended to serve as a support or guide for the building of something that expands the structure into something useful. Advantages : Consistent Programming Model Direct Support for Security Simplified Development Efforts Easy Application Deployment and Maintenance
CURL means Client URL Library
curl is a command line tool for transferring files with URL syntax, supporting FTP, FTPS, HTTP, HTTPS, SCP, SFTP, TFTP, TELNET, DICT, LDAP, LDAPS and FILE. curl supports SSL certificates, HTTP POST, HTTP PUT, FTP uploading, HTTP form based upload, proxies, cookies, user+password authentication (Basic, Digest, NTLM, Negotiate, kerberos…), file transfer resume, proxy tunneling and a busload of other useful tricks.
CURL allows you to connect and communicate to many different types of servers with many different types of protocols. libcurl currently supports the http, https, ftp, gopher, telnet, dict, file, and ldap protocols. libcurl also supports HTTPS certificates, HTTP POST, HTTP PUT, FTP uploading (this can also be done with PHP’s ftp extension), HTTP form based upload, proxies, cookies, and user+password authentication.
The PDO ( PHP Data Objects ) extension defines a lightweight, consistent interface for accessing databases in PHP. if you are using the PDO API, you could switch the database server you used, from say PgSQL to MySQL, and only need to make minor changes to your PHP code.
While PDO has its advantages, such as a clean, simple, portable API but its main disadvantage is that it doesn’t allow you to use all of the advanced features that are available in the latest versions of MySQL server. For example, PDO does not allow you to use MySQL’s support for Multiple Statements.
Just need to use below code for connect mysql using PDO
try {
$dbh = new PDO(“mysql:host=$hostname;dbname=databasename”, $username, $password);
$sql = “SELECT * FROM employee”;
foreach ($dbh->query($sql) as $row)
{
print $row[’employee_name’] .’ – ‘. $row[’employee_age’] ;
}
}
catch(PDOException $e)
{
echo $e->getMessage();
}
The mysqli extension, or as it is sometimes known, the MySQL improved extension, was developed to take advantage of new features found in MySQL systems versions 4.1.3 and newer. The mysqli extension is included with PHP versions 5 and later.
The mysqli extension has a number of benefits, the key enhancements over the mysql extension being:
=>Object-oriented interface
=>Support for Prepared Statements
=>Support for Multiple Statements
=>Support for Transactions
=>Enhanced debugging capabilities
=>Embedded server support
first of all instead of using select * from table1, use select column1, column2, column3.. from table1 Look for the opportunity to introduce index in the table you are querying. use limit keyword if you are looking for any specific number of rows from the result set.
session_id() returns the session id for the current session.
session_unregister Unregister a global variable from the current
session
session_unset Free all session variables
By using setcookie(name, value, expire, path, domain); function we can set the cookie in php ;
Set the cookies in past for destroy. like
setcookie(“user”, “sonia”, time()+3600); for set the cookie
setcookie(“user”, “”, time()-3600); for destroy or delete the cookies;
between the pages?
GET/QueryString
POST
eregi_replace() function is identical to ereg_replace() except that this ignores case distinction when matching alphabetic characters.eregi_replace() function is identical to ereg_replace() except that this ignores case distinction when matching alphabetic characters.
Sort(), arsort(),
asort(), ksort(),
natsort(), natcasesort(),
rsort(), usort(),
array_multisort(), and
uksort().
2 ways
a) sizeof($urarray) This function is an alias of count()
b) count($urarray)
session_set_save_handler() sets the user-level session storage functions which are used for storing and retrieving data associated with a session. This is most useful when a storage method other than those supplied by PHP sessions is preferred. i.e. Storing the session data in a local database.
bool is_numeric ( mixed var)
Returns TRUE if var is a number or a numeric string, FALSE otherwise.or use isNaN(mixed var)The isNaN() function is used to check if a value is not a number.
Directory
stdClass
__PHP_Incomplete_Class
exception
php_user_filter
You can maintain two separate language file for each of the language. all the labels are putted in both language files as variables and assign those variables in the PHP source. on runtime choose the required language option.
Abstract class: abstract classes are the class where one or more methods are abstract but not necessarily all method has to be abstract. Abstract methods are the methods, which are declare in its class but not
define. The definition of those methods must be in its extending class.Interface: Interfaces are one type of class where all the methods are
abstract. That means all the methods only declared but not defined. All the methods must be define by its implemented class.
JavaScript does not have any networking capabilities as it is designed to work on client site. As a result we can not send mails using JavaScript. But we can call the client side mail protocol mailto via JavaScript to prompt for an email to send. this requires the client to approve it.
The syntex for repairing a MySQL table is REPAIR TABLENAME, [TABLENAME, ], [Quick],[Extended] This command will repair the table specified if the quick is given the MySQL will do a repair of only the index tree if the extended is given it will create index row by row
A stored procedure is a set of SQL commands that can be compiled and stored in the server. Once this has been done, clients don’t need to keep re-issuing the entire query but can refer to the stored procedure.
This provides better overall performance because the query has to be parsed only once, and less information needs to be sent between the server and the client. You can also raise the conceptual level by having libraries of functions in the server. However, stored procedures of course do increase the load on the database server system, as more of
the work is done on the server side and less on the client (application) side.Triggers will also be implemented. A trigger is effectively a type of stored procedure, one that is invoked when a particular event occurs.
For example, you can install a stored procedure that is triggered each time a record is deleted from a transaction table and that stored procedure automatically deletes the corresponding customer from a customer table when all his transactions are deleted.Indexes are used to find rows with specific column values quickly.
Without an index, MySQL must begin with the first row and then read through the entire table to find the relevant rows. The larger the table, the more this costs. If the table has an index for the columns in question, MySQL can quickly determine the position to seek to in the middle of the data file without having to look at all the data. If a
table has 1,000 rows, this is at least 100 times faster than reading sequentially. If you need to access most of the rows, it is faster to read sequentially, because this minimizes disk seeks.
The following table describes the maximum length for each type of identifier.
| Identifier | Maximum Length (bytes) |
| Database | 64 |
| Table | 64 |
| Column | 64 |
| Index | 64 |
| Alias | 255 |
There are some restrictions on the characters that may appear in
identifiers:
MySQL set can take zero or more values but at the maximum it can take 64 values
describe Table-Name;
The ‘.frm’ file stores the table definition.
The data file has a ‘.MYD’ (MYData) extension.
The index file has a ‘.MYI’ (MYIndex) extension,
In MySql, the default table type is MyISAM.
Each MyISAM table is stored on disk in three files. The files have names that begin with the table name and have an extension to indicate the file type.
The ‘.frm’ file stores the table definition.
The data file has a ‘.MYD’ (MYData) extension.
The index file has a ‘.MYI’ (MYIndex) extension,
If the operating system or filesystem places a limit on the number of files in a directory, MySQL is bound by that constraint.The efficiency of the operating system in handling large numbers of files in a directory can place a practical limit on the number of tables in a database. If the time required to open a file in the directory
increases significantly as the number of files increases, database performance can be adversely affected.
The amount of available disk space limits the number of tables.
MySQL 3.22 had a 4GB (4 gigabyte) limit on table size. With the MyISAM storage engine in MySQL 3.23, the maximum table size was increased to 65536 terabytes (2567 1 bytes). With this larger allowed table size, the maximum effective table size for MySQL databases is usually determined by operating system constraints on file sizes, not by MySQL internal limits.The InnoDB storage engine maintains InnoDB tables within a tablespace that can be created from several files. This allows a table to exceed the maximum individual file size. The tablespace can include raw disk
partitions, which allows extremely large tables. The maximum tablespace size is 64TB.
The following table lists some examples of operating system file-size limits. This is only a rough guide and is not intended to be definitive. For the most up-to-date information, be sure to check the documentation specific to your operating system.
Operating System File-size LimitLinux 2.2-Intel 32-bit 2GB (LFS: 4GB)
Linux 2.4+ (using ext3 filesystem) 4TB
Solaris 9/10 16TB
NetWare w/NSS filesystem 8TB
Win32 w/ FAT/FAT32 2GB/4GB
Win32 w/ NTFS 2TB (possibly larger)
MacOS X w/ HFS+ 2TB
The generic syntax for grant is as following
> GRANT [rights] on [database/s] TO [username@hostname] IDENTIFIED BY [password]
now rights can be
a) All privileges
b) combination of create, drop, select, insert, update and delete etc.We can grant rights on all databse by using *.* or some specific
database by database.* or a specific table by database.table_name username@hotsname can be either username@localhost, username@hostname and username@% where hostname is any valid hostname and % represents any name, the *.*
any condition password is simply the password of userThe generic syntax for revoke is as following
> REVOKE [rights] on [database/s] FROM [username@hostname] now rights can be as explained above
a) All privileges
b) combination of create, drop, select, insert, update and delete etc. username@hotsname can be either username@localhost, username@hostname
and username@% where hostname is any valid hostname and % represents any name, the *.* any condition
One of the main advantages of OO programming is its ease of modification; objects can easily be modified and added to a system there by reducing maintenance costs. OO programming is also considered to be better at modeling the real world than is procedural programming. It allows for more complicated and flexible interactions. OO systems are also easier for non-technical personnel to understand and easier for them to participate in the maintenance and enhancement of a system because it appeals to natural human cognition patterns.
For some systems, an OO approach can speed development time since many objects are standard across systems and can be reused. Components that manage dates, shipping, shopping carts, etc. can be purchased and easily modified for a specific system
There are lot of difference between procedure language and object oriented like below
1>Procedure language easy for new developer but complex to understand whole software as compare to object oriented model
2>In Procedure language it is difficult to use design pattern mvc , Singleton pattern etc but in OOP you we able to develop design pattern
3>IN OOP language we able to ree use code like Inheritance ,polymorphism etc but this type of thing not available in procedure language on that our Fonda use COPY and PASTE .
Sometimes a function is best shared among a number of different classes. Such functions can be declared either as member functions of one class or as global functions. In either case they can be set to be friends of other classes, by using a friend specifier in the class that is admitting them. Such functions can use all attributes of the class
which names them as a friend, as if they were themselves members of that class.
A friend declaration is essentially a prototype for a member function, but instead of requiring an implementation with the name of that class attached by the double colon syntax, a global function or member function of another class provides the match.
Public: Public declared items can be accessed everywhere.
Protected: Protected limits access to inherited and parent classes (and to the class that defines the item).
Private: Private limits visibility only to the class that defines the item.
Static: A static variable exists only in a local function scope, but it does not lose its value when program execution leaves this scope.
Final: Final keyword prevents child classes from overriding a method by prefixing the definition with final. If the class itself is being defined final then it cannot be extended. transient: A transient variable is a variable that may not be serialized.
volatile: a variable that might be concurrently modified by multiple threads should be declared volatile. Variables declared to be volatile will not be optimized by the compiler because their value can change at any time.
strstr Returns part of string from the first occurrence of needle(sub string that we finding out ) to the end of string.
$email= ‘sonialouder@gmail.com’;
$domain = strstr($email, ‘@’);
echo $domain; // prints @gmail.com
here @ is the needle
stristr is case-insensitive means able not able to diffrenciate between a and A
There are lot of difference among these three version of php
1>Php3 is oldest version after that php4 came and current version is php5 (php5.3) where php6 have to come
2>Difference mean oldest version have less functionality as compare to new one like php5 have all OOPs concept now where as php3 was pure procedural language constructive like C
In PHP5 1. Implementation of exceptions and exception handling
2. Type hinting which allows you to force the type of a specific argument
3. Overloading of methods through the __call function
4. Full constructors and destructors etc through a __constuctor and __destructor function
5. __autoload function for dynamically including certain include files depending on the class you are trying to create.
6 Finality : can now use the final keyword to indicate that a method cannot be overridden by a child. You can also declare an entire class as final which prevents it from having any children at all.
7 Interfaces & Abstract Classes
8 Passed by Reference :
9 An __clone method if you really want to duplicate an object
Convert all applicable characters to HTML entities This function is identical to htmlspecialchars() in all ways, except with htmlentities(), all characters which have HTML character entity equivalents are translated into these entities.
<?php $second = date(“s”); ?>
<?php By using date_default_timezone_get and
date_default_timezone_set function on PHP 5.1.0
// Discover what 8am in Tokyo relates to on the East Coast of the US
// Set the default timezone to Tokyo time:
date_default_timezone_set(‘Asia/Tokyo’);
// Now generate the timestamp for that particular timezone, on Jan 1st, 2000
$stamp = mktime(8, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2000);
// Now set the timezone back to US/Eastern
date_default_timezone_set(‘US/Eastern’);
// Output the date in a standard format (RFC1123), this will print:
// Fri, 31 Dec 1999 18:00:00 EST
echo ‘
‘, date(DATE_RFC1123, $stamp) ,’
‘;?>
URLencode returns a string in which all non-alphanumeric characters
except -_. have been replaced with a percent (%)
sign followed by two hex digits and spaces encoded as plus (+)
signs. It is encoded the same way that the posted data from a WWW form
is encoded, that is the same way as in
application/x-www-form-urlencoded media type.
urldecode decodes any %##
encoding in the given string.
unlink() deletes the given file from the file system.
unset() makes a variable undefined.
$_SESSION[‘name’] = “girdhari”;
To know the Image type use exif_imagetype () function
To know the Image size use getimagesize () function
To know the image width use imagesx () function
To know the image height use imagesy() function
By using $_SERVER[‘HTTP_USER_AGENT’] variable.
By default the maximum size is 2MB. and we can change the following
setup at php.iniupload_max_filesize = 2M
by changing the following setup at php.inimax_execution_time = 30; Maximum execution time of each script, in seconds
To backup: BACKUP TABLE tbl_name[,tbl_name…] TO
‘/path/to/backup/directory’
RESTORE TABLE tbl_name[,tbl_name…] FROM ‘/path/to/backup/directory’mysqldump: Dumping Table Structure and DataUtility to dump a database or a collection of database for backup or for transferring the data to another SQL server (not necessarily a MySQL server). The dump will contain SQL statements to create the table and/or populate the table. -t, no-create-info
Don’t write table creation information (the CREATE TABLE statement).
-d, no-data
Don’t write any row information for the table. This is very useful if
you just want to get a dump of the structure for a table!
The PHP Hypertext Preprocessor is a programming language that allows web developers to create dynamic content that interacts with databases. PHP is basically used for developing web based software applications.
A session is a logical object created by the PHP engine to allow you to preserve data across subsequent HTTP requests.
There is only one session object available to your PHP scripts at any time. Data saved to the session by a script can be retrieved by the same script or another script when requested from the same visitor.
Sessions are commonly used to store temporary data to allow multiple PHP pages to offer a complete functional transaction for the same visitor.
Simple arithmetic:
$date1 = date(‘Y-m-d’);
$date2 = ‘2006-07-01’;
$days = (strtotime() – strtotime()) / (60 * 60 * 24);
echo “Number of days since ‘2006-07-01’: $days”;
Anwser 1:
$message is a simple variable whereas $$message is a reference variable. Example:
$user = ‘bob’
is equivalent to
$holder = ‘user’;
$$holder = ‘bob’;
Anwser 2:
They are both variables. But $message is a variable with a fixed name. $$message is a variable who’s name is stored in $message. For example, if $message contains “var”, $$message is the same as $var.
A persistent cookie is a cookie which is stored in a cookie file permanently on the browser’s computer. By default, cookies are created as temporary cookies which stored only in the browser’s memory. When the browser is closed, temporary cookies will be erased. You should decide when to use temporary cookies and when to use persistent cookies based on their differences:
*Temporary cookies can not be used for tracking long-term information.
*Persistent cookies can be used for tracking long-term information.
*Temporary cookies are safer because no programs other than the browser can access them.
*Persistent cookies are less secure because users can open cookie files see the cookie values.
Rasmus Lerdorf is known as the father of PHP.
We can do it by 4 Ways
1. mysql_fetch_row. , 2. mysql_fetch_array , 3. mysql_fetch_object 4. mysql_fetch_assoc
mysql_fetch_object() is similar tomysql_fetch_array(), with one difference – an object is returned, instead of an array. Indirectly, that means that you can only access the data by the field names, and not by their
offsets (numbers are illegal property names).
There are some defference between GET and POST method
1. GET Method have some limit like only 2Kb data able to send for request
But in POST method unlimited data can we send
2. when we use GET method requested data show in url but
Not in POST method so POST method is good for send sensetive request
We can create MySQL database with the use of
mysql_create_db(“Database Name”)
Both include and require used to include a file but when included file not found
Include send Warning where as Require send Fatal Error .
The header() function sends a raw HTTP header to a client.We can use herder()
function for redirection of pages. It is important to notice that header() must
be called before any actual output is seen.
Just run the PHP CLI (Command Line Interface) program and
provide the PHP script file name as the command line argument.
In php.ini file:
set short_open_tag=on to make PHP support
Nothing more we have to do only redirect to the payPal url after
submit all information needed by paypal like amount,adresss etc.
Inserts HTML line breaks (
) before all newlines in a string.
.htaccess files are configuration files of Apache Server which provide
a way to make configuration changes on a per-directory basis. A file,
containing one or more configuration directives, is placed in a particular
document directory, and the directives apply to that directory, and all
subdirectories thereof.
Answers : 18 By using $_SERVER[‘REMOTE_ADDR’],$_SERVER[‘HTTP_REFERER’] etc.
All of those are open source resource. Security of Linux is very very more than windows. Apache is a better server that IIS both in functionality and security. MySQL is world most popular open source database. PHP is more faster that asp or any other scripting language.
AES_ENCRYPT () and AES_DECRYPT ()
The functions in this section perform encryption and decryption, and compression and uncompression:
| encryption | decryption |
| AES_ENCRYT() | AES_DECRYPT() |
| ENCODE() | DECODE() |
| DES_ENCRYPT() | DES_DECRYPT() |
| ENCRYPT() | Not available |
| MD5() | Not available |
| OLD_PASSWORD() | Not available |
| PASSWORD() | Not available |
| SHA() or SHA1() | Not available |
| Not available | UNCOMPRESSED_LENGTH() |
<action method="setColumnCount"><count>4</count></action> top of the previous layout detailsPaste again in bottom side that show previous layout details<action method="setColumnCount"><count>4</count></action>Save the fileGo To admin Panel and clear all the caches. 
<script type=”text/javascript”>
var isNS = (navigator.appName == “Netscape”) ? 1 : 0;
if(navigator.appName == “Netscape”) document.captureEvents(Event.MOUSEDOWN||Event.MOUSEUP);
function mischandler(){
return false;
}
function mousehandler(e){
var myevent = (isNS) ? e : event;
var eventbutton = (isNS) ? myevent.which : myevent.button;
if((eventbutton==2)||(eventbutton==3)) return false;
}
document.oncontextmenu = mischandler;
document.onmousedown = mousehandler;
document.onmouseup = mousehandler;
var isCtrl = false;
document.onkeyup=function(e)
{
if(e.which == 17)
isCtrl=false;
}
document.onkeydown=function(e)
{
if(e.which == 17)
isCtrl=true;
if(((e.which == 85) || (e.which == 117) || (e.which == 65) || (e.which == 97) || (e.which == 67) || (e.which == 99) || (e.which == 112) ) && isCtrl == true)
{
// alert(‘Keyboard shortcuts are cool!’);
return false;
}
}
</script>
There are four kinds of PHP statements that are present. They are as follows:
• Simple statement- these are the echo statements and end with a semicolon (;). PHP ignores white spaces between simple statements. Until it finds a semicolon it reads the statement.
• Complex/Conditional statements: these are the statements which deal with certain conditions that have to be executed to meet certain specific requirements. These are if and else block or switch statements. PHP reads the complete statement and doesn’t stop at the first semicolon it encounters. It looks for starting and ending braces to end the execution.
• Looping statements: statements that are repeated in a block. The feature that enables you to execute the statements repeatedly is called as loop. For example: for loop, while loop, do..while loop.
$_SERVER and $_ENV arrays contain different information. The information depends on the server and operating system being used. Most of the information can be seen of an array for a particular server and operating system. The syntax is as follows:
foreach($_SERVER as $key =>$value)
{ echo “Key=$key, Value=$value\n”; }
MySQL does not support a very large database size as efficiently
MySQL does not support ROLE, COMMIT, and Stored procedures in versions less than 5.0
Transactions are not handled very efficiently.
MySQL does not support a very large database size as efficiently
MySQL does not support ROLE, COMMIT, and Stored procedures in versions less than 5.0
Transactions are not handled very efficiently.
MySQL is a relational database management system which is an open source database.
Because of its unique storage engine architecture MySQL performance is very high.
Supports large number of embedded applications which makes MySql very flexible.
Use of Triggers, Stored procedures and views which allows the developer to give a higher productivity.
Allows transactions to be rolled back, commit and crash recovery.
In MySQL MyISAM is the default storage engine. MyISAM tables store data values with the low byte first. Even though MyISAM tables are very reliable, corrupted tables can be expected if there is a hardware failure, the pc shuts down unexpectedly. MyISAM tables are reliable because any change made to a table is written before the sql statement returns. Even though MyISAM is the default storage engine it is advisable to specify ENGINE= MYISAM
Upload Image & Compress Image Size
HTML Code For File Uploading
<form action=”upload.php” method=”post” name=”video_upload” enctype=”multipart/form-data”>
<input name=”new_image” id=”new_image” size=”30″ type=”file” multiple=”true” />
<input type=”submit” value=”submit” name=”submit” />
</form>
File Name upload.php
<?php
if (isset ($_FILES[‘new_image’])){
$imagename = $_FILES[‘new_image’][‘name’];
$source = $_FILES[‘new_image’][‘tmp_name’];
$type=$_FILES[‘new_image’][‘type’];
$idate=$_REQUEST[‘idate’];
if(($_FILES[‘new_image’][‘type’]==’image/jpeg’) ||
($_FILES[‘new_image’][‘type’]==’image/png’)||
($_FILES[‘new_image’][‘type’]==’image/bmp’)||
($_FILES[‘new_image’][‘type’]==’image/tiff’)||
($_FILES[‘new_image’][‘type’]==’image/gif’))
{
$target = “../upload/”.$imagename;
move_uploaded_file($source, $target);
$imagepath = $imagename;
$save = “../upload/” . $imagepath; //This is the new file you saving
$file = “../upload/” . $imagepath; //This is the original file
list($width, $height) = getimagesize($file) ;
$tn = imagecreatetruecolor($width, $height) ;
$image = imagecreatefromjpeg($file) ;
imagecopyresampled($tn, $image, 0, 0, 0, 0, $width, $height, $width, $height) ;
imagejpeg($tn, $save, 75) ;
$save = “../upload/sml_” . $thumbfile=$imagepath; //This is the new file you saving
$file = “../upload/” . $fullimage=$imagepath; //This is the original file
list($width, $height) = getimagesize($file) ;
$modwidth = 155;
$diff = $width / $modwidth;
$modheight = 130;
$tn = imagecreatetruecolor($modwidth, $modheight) ;
$image = imagecreatefromjpeg($file) ;
imagecopyresampled($tn, $image, 0, 0, 0, 0, $modwidth, $modheight, $width, $height) ;
imagejpeg($tn, $save, 100) ;
“Large image: <img src=’images/”.$imagepath.”‘><br>”;
“Thumbnail: <img src=’images/sml_”.$imagepath.”‘>”;
}
}
else
{
echo “Please upolad .jpg, .png image file”;
}
?>